The Use of Drugs by 1950s Artists Essay -- Illegal Drugs Speed Narcoti

A movement arose among the artists of 1950s America as a reaction to the time's prevailing conformity and affluence whose members attempted to extract all they could from life, often in a strikingly self-destructive way. Specifically, the Beat writers and jazz musicians of the era found escape from society in drugs and fast living. But what exactly led so many to this dangerous path? Why did they choose drugs and speed to implement their rebellion? A preliminary look at the contradictions that prevailed in 1950s American society may give some insight into these artists' world. At the end of World War II, American culture experienced an overhaul that ushered in a period of complacency beneath which paranoia seethed. A generation that had lived through the privations of the Depression and the horrors of world war was now presented with large suburban homes, convenient and impressive appliances, and pre-packaged entertainment. Such wonders so soon after extended hard times were greeted enthusiastically and even treated with a sense of awe. They may have encouraged few distinctions among the middle class -- the houses in a suburb were generally as identical as hamburgers at McDonald's -- but they represented a wealth to which few had before enjoyed access. Life became automated, with dishwashers cleaning up after dinner and air conditioning easing mid-summer heat. The new conveniences left more time for families to absorb the new mass culture presented through television, records, and Spillane novels. Excitement over the new conveniences and entertainment led America to increasingly become an acquiring society. To my parents' generation, childhood in the 50s was a time when people were generally pleased with themselves and with the... ...McNally, Dennis. Desolate Angel: Jack Kerouac, the Beat Generation, and America. New York: Random House, 1979. O'Neil, Paul. "The Only Rebellion Around". Life 47 (November 30, 1959): 115-116, 119-120, 123-126, 129-130. Parkinson, Thomas, ed. A Casebook on the Beat. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1961. Peretti, Burton W. Jazz in American Culture. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1997. Rigney, Francis J. and L. Douglas Smith. The Real Bohemia. New York: Basic Books, 1961. Tytell, John. "The Beat Generation and the Continuing American Revolution". American Scholar 42 (1973): 308-317. Van Den Haag, Ernest. "Conspicuous Consumption of Self". National Review VI (April 11, 1959): 656-658. Wakefield, Dan. New York in the Fifties. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992. Woideck, Carl. Charlie Parker: His Music and Life. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996.

Dicussion questions Essay

How do organizational functions affect organizational structures? How do your organization’s functions affect its organizational structure? How do organizational structures affect organizational functions? How does your organization’s structure affect its organizational functions? An organization is defined as a social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals. The function of an organization directly relates to its structure. To succeed as an organization, all the functional areas must work together. There are different levels of structures: Vertical and Horizontal. Vertical organizational structures means a strict top down or bottom up structure (chain of command is important); horizontal, flat or closer to flat organizational structure (no leaders). While the organization I work for does not participate in any sort of sales, we do protect America through research and being knowledgeable in different aspects of careers. The Air Force follows a vertical organizational structure. There is always a person in charge of someone. To file a complaint, you have to start with the lowest level and work your way up. Organizational structures affect organizational functions depending on the main goal/strategy. The functions and structures of organizations go hand in hand. What are the different types of organizational structures? Which type of structure do you think is the most effective? Why is this structure the most effective? How can organizations determine if they are structured in the most effective and efficient manner? The different types of organizational structures are functional, divisional, and matrix. Functional structure is departmentalization around specialized activities such as production, marketing, and human resources. Divisional structure is departmentalization that groups units around products, customers, or geographic regions. Matrix structure is an organization composed of dual reporting relationships in which some managers’ report to two superiors –a functional manager and a divisional manager. The most effective structure is the matrix structure because it consists of the other functions, both of which would fail without them. Organizations can determine if they are structured in the most effective and efficient manner by analyzing how their business operates. Consider an organization in which you have worked. Draw it’s organization chart, and describe it by using terms from Ch. 8 of the text. Describe your experience with the organization. Did you enjoy working there? Explain your response. The experience I have had with the organization is good. Our organization makes charts for each unit’s supervision. Everyone knows who to contact in case of an emergency or if there is a problem with the chain of command. So far, I have enjoyed working for the military. I appreciate structure and reliability. What evidence have you seen of the imperatives for change, flexibility, and responsiveness faced by today’s firms? By firms becoming learning organizations they can be skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights. Firms should also have a high-involvement organization, which top management ensures that there is consensus about the direction in which the business is heading.

Losing a Friend - 942 Words

My memory can only place certain moments of that day into a sequence that makes any sort of sense in my head. I recollect the fluttering, fluorescent light bulbs that seem to put me into some sort of morbid spotlight for all to see, and the smell, the sterile smell of a life ended. Much like that of a movie, I saw everything in that hopeless sort of slow motion as if to somehow slow down the reality of what I was to become of me and my family. The early morning of March 24, 2006 was nothing if not the one-day that will forever be seared into my brain. Much like the ritual of an owner branding its animal, I will forever be marked with the horror of that morning. I was always a very happy child with a great family and the privilege†¦show more content†¦In a fit of teen angst I told her that I had wished that she would just get out of my life, and she did. She developed the MRSA virus and peacefully died in her hospital bed after a week of complaining about feeling sick. I don’t believe that I could have ever imagined the regret I feel everyday for saying that to her. With every event in somebody’s life come a lesson that they will carry with them forever. I realized on that morning that life is the most precious and wonderful gift imaginable. Love and respect are all pieces to the puzzle of true happiness in life and unfortunately I learned that lesson too late. Though I carry all of these wonderful memories with me about my wonderful cousin Kerra, I feel an emptiness that will never be filled. Not only did I not get to say goodbye, I hurt her and those were the last words she ever heard from me. I feel like the most privileged person on this planet to have had the time I spent with my cousin and I will never forget those memories but life is precious and I’ve ultimately learned to treat each moment as if it was my last. Live life and enjoy the memories and never forget to remind the people that you love how important they truly are in yourShow MoreRelatedLosing A Friend : My Best Friend In My Life1284 Words   |  6 PagesAcc ording to Dictionary.com a friend is defined as, â€Å"a person attached to another by feelings of affection or personal regard.† Losing a friend is one of the hardest things to live through. Losing a best friend is even worse. When I was 10 years old I watched my best friend slip away like leaves in the wind. Trying to prevent it was like grabbing blindly at the leaves when the wind keeps getting faster and faster around you. Although that experience was heartbreaking, I gained very valuableRead MoreMemoir- Losing my best friend2084 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Memoir- Losing My Best Friend I remember everything as if it were yesterday. The shock, the sadness, the pain, and the sickness she had to suffer. I remember sitting beside her, holding her hand as she had IV’s put into her arms. I remember the conversations we had; she’d explain to me how she just wanted to go outside again; she’d be enthusiastic for the day she got out of the hospital; we made plans for when she beat cancer. Two years have gone by so fast, and there hasn’t been a day I haven’tRead More`` One Art `` By Elizabeth Bishop1491 Words   |  6 Pageshow a person sometimes may lose things but in the end, those things were meant to be lost. The practice of losing things may be as simple as losing ordinary house keys. Yet losing things can progress to where a person may start to lose more significant things such as mentioned in the poem, like names and places to even a mother’s watch. Even though a person may end up mastering the art of losing, there are things that may not seem like a disaster but are. A person cannot fix what has been done, allRead MoreFamily Is Important For My Life999 Words   |  4 Pagesthink about our blood relations. 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Currently, a common belief is that technology makes peopleRead MoreMy Birthday Celebrations - Original Writing995 Words   |  4 Pagesall my friends which made each birthday unique and special. I ve had friends travel over two hours just to partake in my soirees they were just that amazing. I had planned for all my parties with exact precision and care. This time was slightly different as it was my 40th year; my plan was to go all out. Somewhere deep inside, I could feel this year would be different, almost life-defining, and indeed it was. I painfully stepped into my forties with the reality that I was losing friends. This truthRead MoreGun Violence And Its Impact On My Life901 Words   |  4 PagesI grew up in a better place that my friends have lived in. Based on The Chicago Tribune crime reports, in December 2012, there were 158 crimes reported in the Humboldt Park area. Some types of crimes that were cited in the community report are Violent Crimes, Property Crimes, and Quality-of-life Crimes. Losing friends and love ones is a very hard experience for anyone to go through, and I have experience this first hand. When I lost two of my closest friends Jovany Diaz and Efrain Cruz, the emotionalRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Late Life Aging1298 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe the impact on you physically, emotionally, socially, and financially (as much as you can imagine the impact). What was your personal experience when you first read this condition? If I were an older adult being forced to watch my family and friends die before me, I do not think I could survive the aftermath. I believe that the event would affect me more mentally, emotionally and socially, then it would physically. However, I do not doubt the ability of my physical health to be affected by eventRead MoreCompanion Animals Can Be Man s Best Friend, Right? Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesbest friend, right? Yes of course, but what does one do when if something tragic happens to your companion animal? While companion animals are there, they can provide love, support, and can also be therapeutic. Like everything there can be a downside to this. You face a risk of tragedy with everything in life. The repercussions of losing a companion animal can vary from something minor such as sadness or severe as mental illness to physical illness. Some individuals would argue that losing one ofRead MoreEffects of Losing a Job Essay630 Words   |  3 Pagesfor a family. When one has a job, you make money that can sustain your needs or wants and provide everything the person and whole family’s desire. But what if all of a sudden, lose the job? What would be the effects of losing one’s job to you and to the family? The effects of losing a job can affect the whole family a lot. The most immediate and devastating impacts of job loss are loss of normal income, grief and deep anxiety, inability to pay rent, and academic trouble for the children. The most

Heirloom Swot Analysis - 1928 Words

An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats in Opening an Heirloom Seed Supply Online Americans are showing a greater interest in living healthier lifestyles; eating cleaner has become a growing part of our culture. As this culture grows, so too does the need for businesses that supply ingredients to support the trend (Essen Englander, 2013). In recent studies, it has been found that genetically modified foods are not as preferred as the more natural versions from before mankind endeavored to make structural changes to raw products (Bawa Anilakumar, 2012). One of the most difficult aspects of changing one’s lifestyle to eliminate GMOs is finding said foods in a natural state. This speaks to a need for supplying†¦show more content†¦Threats: Chain Retail (Whole Foods) Competition Potential Limited Suppliers Economy Fluctuations After evaluating this analysis, it will be easier to determine if the negative aspects of starting such a venture significantly outweigh any positives. Possibly the easiest of the four quadrants of the SWOT Analysis to determine are the strengths. Strengths The strengths of running an heirloom seed business from home: easy inventory storage; no employee issues or costs; no need to wear a uniform or leave the house; and no true schedule. Unlike many businesses that sell physical products, whether it’s internet sales or in-store, seeds take up very little space. One could easily sell many varieties with nothing more than a garage to store the inventory! A preferred method would be to have a separate room, climate controlled, with shelves to hold bins of inventory. Unlike selling t-shirts or gadgets, seeds could have months of inventory on hand in one converted guest bedroom. Operating in this fashion would negate the need to hire employees. Having a traditional business in a store often requires hiring people to assist in the running of it. With no employees, there is no need for a human relations department, overtime pay, extra insurance costs, or salaries. Based on statistics from the Bureau of Labor published in September of 2017, one part-time service employee averages a cost per hour ofShow MoreRelatedStrategic Management Ikea Analysis2320 Words   |  10 Pages Case study IKEA Strategic management Main factors of development of IKEA Strenghts and weakness Oportunities and threaths Main strategic problems out of Swot analysis Identification of corporate strategy Your suggestions and recommendations Answers: Main factors of development of IKEA The company starts when Ingvar Kamprad from Sweden and when he was really child only with 17 years old, he started sellingRead MoreEssay on Organic Farming Business Proposal5491 Words   |  22 Pagesengineered seed because they view this kind of biotechnology consistent with organic principles. Although GMOs are excluded from organic farming, there is concern that the pollen from genetically modiï ¬ ed crops is increasingly penetrating organic and heirloom seed stocks, making it difï ¬ cult, if not impossible, to keep these genomes from entering the organic food supply. International trade restrictions limit the availability GMOs to certain countries. The hazards that genetic modiï ¬ cation could pose toRead MoreTrader Joes Internalization7066 Words   |  29 Pagessourced from Non-GMO Ingredients, seafood provided sustainable sources. They also respect condition of farm workers. We can conclude, Trader Joe’s is a healthy company with a huge respect for environment, human right and health. 2) Trader Joe’s SWOT Strengths * No intermediaries  : the brand has its own private labels * Fresh and bio products * Good brand image in the US * ‘Cozy’ stores, very diverse choice from all over the world (Wide range of wines = Good for European market) Read MoreIrish Restaurant Concept10856 Words   |  44 Pages 3 * Restaurant Concept 3 * Vision, Mission, and Goal 4 * Target market 4 * Location and Demand Analysis 5 * Degree of Competition 6 The Restaurant 8 * Food and Beverage Selections 8 * Theme and Decorations 9 * Point of Differentiation 9 * SWOT Analysis 10 Team Members 12 Restaurant Menu 13 HACCP-Based Standard Operating Procedures 33 * Personal Hygiene

The Definition Of Effective Leadership - 1520 Words

Definition of effective leadership Most historians rank George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, and Theodore Roosevelt as America’s finest leaders. Agreement on their quality is so strong, in fact, that in the 1920s, their likenesses were immortalized on Mount Rushmore, which has since become an iconic symbol of great leadership. On the other end of the spectrum, Warren G. Harding, Pierce, James Buchanan, and George W. Bush are ranked as among our worst leaders. Herbert Hoover, John Tyler, and Millard Fillmore sank to the bottom as well. The unanimity among these rankings suggests that the qualities that make an effective leader do not change with place and time, with the governed body or with the situation. America’s sixth president, John Quincy Adams, defined leadership this way: â€Å"If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.† I agree that effective leadership is distinguished by four critical qualities: passion, vision, emotional intelligence, and confidence. Leaders who possess these qualities are able to make a positive impact on their institution—as Adams did, improving American life through his strong hand on the wheel of the ship. Without a leader’s clear vision and guidance, a business is like a ship drifting aimlessly. The leader’s vision provides the map, establishing a path that leads to the desired destination. Effective leaders create clear, concise visions that identify the key actionsShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of Effective Leadership And Leadership1487 Words   |  6 Pagesto say in regards to leadership and those in positions of leadership. 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Limitations A Future Research Implications -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Are The Various Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cloud Computing That Can Be Witnessed In Netflix? What Are The Benefits And Shortcomings Of Cloud Computing In The Organizations? What Are The Various Uses Of Cloud Computing In Netflix? How Cloud Computing Can Be Used To Improve The Functioning Of The Organizations? What Are The Various Aspects Of The Cloud Computing That Are Relevant In The Organizations? Answers: Introduction The cloud computing is a new trend which gives access to several pools of configurable resources as well as higher level services over the internet (Sanaei et al. 2014).This technique depends on sharing of the various resources so that an adequate level of coherence as well as economy of scale would be achieved. The cloud computing typically allows the companies to reduce the costs of IT infrastructure. This also allows the companies to get their IT applications run in a smooth manner so that they can be managed in an advanced manner. Netflix is one of the worlds leading television network in television where there are over 93.8 million members and they are present in almost 190 countries (Netflix 2017). This paper would aim to understand the advantages as well as disadvantages of cloud computing by analysing the example of Netflix. A practical mode of research would be carried out to understand the various aspects of the research topic. Project Objective The primary objective of the paper is to analyse the various advantages as well as disadvantages of using cloud computing through the practical example of Netflix. The various benefits as well as backlogs of using the cloud computing services would be analysed. The interconnection of the cloud computing services with Netflix would be ascertained. The secondary objective of the research paper is to understand the real usage of cloud computing and how it can be used in the real organizations. Project Scope This research paper would explore the various positive and negative uses of the cloud computing services and how they are being demonstrated in Netflix. This research would mainly focus on the various literature review gaps in the field of cloud computing and how it can be used for the benefit of the operations. Literature Review Cloud storage is considered as a service in which the data is remotely maintained, backed up and managed in which the users are able to store the files in an online server, so that they can be accessed from any location (Hashem et al. 2015). The third-party clouds help the organizations to concentrate on the core business processes and not on increasing the resources based on the computer maintenance and infrastructure. Netflix was created in the year 1997 and it is considered as one of the biggest entertainment corporation in which there is a lot of demand for streaming media and video-on-demand (Netflix 2017). The company is known to have gained competitive advantage through the effective implementation of the cloud computing. There are various advantages of cloud computing that can be witnessed in Netflix. There is a considerable amount of cost saving of the companies when they start using cloud computing services (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016). This is because of the fact that the companies are able to add numerous virtual servers as well as storage together, which decreases the cost of the operations. Netflix uses cloud computing services to manage their data in a better way as it allows the offering of the data to the global audience in an easy manner (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016). Cloud computing provides flexibility of data at a faster speed. Netflix also uses the technology of Hadoop Clu sters so that they can improve the quality as well as reliability of data. Cloud computing also improves the data recovery process from any kind of disasters as well as there is a process of data recovery (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016). The cloud computing is also known to have automatic software updates including new service features and new security updates. There are many disadvantages of the cloud computing services such as security of data. The data on the cloud servers has the risk of getting attacked by cyber criminals (Avram 2014). Netflix also has the risk of getting hacked by the cyber criminals and there have been instances of data breach. The company also faces the issue of reduction in customer satisfaction due to the downtime of the servers. The cloud computing services also provides least control of their services as they are being controlled by a third party (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016). The concept of cloud computing services such as Netflix requires constant connection with the data network and cannot be operated alone. The literature review failed to analyse the way Netflix uses cloud computing to reduce the cost of their operations. It also failed to link the exact disaster recovery process witnessed in Netflix. The process of automatic software updates for Netflix is being done by Amazon, but the exact process of software update is not known. Research Design and Methodology The research design is an important component for carrying out the research process. This research would be using qualitative data collection method by using number of sources. The qualitative data collection would focus on both types of studies such as exploratory and descriptive studies. Types of qualitative research method The exploratory method and descriptive method of data collection would be used for carrying out this research (Wang et al. 2017). The exploratory method of data collection is concerned with the study of an issue which is not being studied in detail in the earlier literatures or research processes (Wang et al. 2017). This kind of research relies on the secondary method of data collection such as review of existing literature. This research would rely on the collection of secondary data on cloud computing and its corresponding impact on Netflix. This study would also focus on the descriptive mode of research. The descriptive research type would focus on the observational method in which the data on cloud computing would be collected either by reading information from a source or by analyzing specific case studies from the organization. Qualitative research method There would be various methods of qualitative data collection that would be used for this research. The data on cloud computing would be collected from a variety of sources such as journals, books, publications, archives, records, participant observation, case studies and others (Palinkas et al. 2015). The internet would be the primary mode for data collection from where all the relevant data would be collected. There are various kinds of secondary data methods that would be used for the purpose of collection of data such as accounting of the past events, company reports, diaries and others (Palinkas et al. 2015). Approaches to reliability and Validity Reliability is one of the most important sections of the research in which a true score of measurement theory is being applied (Creswell and Poth 2017). It is considered as one of the excellent assessment tools which are used for producing consistent and desired results (Creswell and Poth 2017). The reliability and validity of the data would ensure that the data can be used by another individual for doing their research works. In this research, it is ensured that the measurement process is reliable or the data is being collected from a reliable source. The secondary data collected from various sources is from 2013 onwards and hence ensures that only latest data is used for the purpose of collection of data. No journal or book or any other publication is being selected before 2013 and hence the research can be termed as a reliable one. The data sources of the print media are also being checked thoroughly before collecting relevant data. The criteria for the data collection are that only reputed journals and international publications, which are quite popular. This process makes the data collection process reliable as well as valid, which would increase the quality of the research paper. Sampling This research would use non probabilistic sampling process, in which there would be random selection of the data collection sources and there would be no selection of the particular units of measurement (Kumar 2014). This kind of sampling process is most appropriate for gaining ideas on wide subjects of study and there is least involvement of any quantitative data. The reason for using this sampling technique is that it is quite cheaper and quicker. This kind of sampling technique is most suitable for exploratory research in which it is important to find quick solutions to various problems (Best and Kahn 2016). This approach would be ethical and there would no need for exact quantitative facts. Sample Size The selection of the sample size is considered to be an important step in the research. The determination of the sample size is considered as the process of choosing the number of observation or replications, which can be used to study the pattern of the study (Rea and Parker 2014). The sample size for this research would be 20 and out of them variety of different types of journals, publications, books and case studies would be selected on a random basis. Data Collection Method The primary modes of data collection would be observations, visual analysis and textual analysis (Shan, Bernick and Banks 2017). The print media would be mainly analyzed through the methods of visual and textual analysis. The content of the publications would be carefully reviewed, studied, analyzed and then a suitable conclusion has been drawn from them. The various similarities and the data pattern is also being observed between the various sources of data. Ethical Considerations It is important to maintain ethical aspects while undergoing the research process. The ethics are the standards which differentiate between the right and the wrong standards (Gelman et al. 2014). Some of the ethical considerations used in this research are- No outdated data was used for the purpose of this research. Only latest data was used for data collection. The publications and the relevant authors were informed before carrying out the research process (Gelman et al. 2014). Informed consent was used for this research. Anonymity of the authors is being maintained and the research data is being kept confidential. Research Limitations There are several limitations of this research which needs to be acknowledged. The following are the research limitations- Lack of reliable data- There is lack of reliable data in the field of cloud computing. Not many research publications are there which discusses the issue of cloud computing by taking the example of Netflix (Velte and Stawinoga 2017). This has been an obstacle in finding good quality data. Lack of data measurement- There are no specific data measurement tool for the purpose of this research. There has been lack of data analysis tools for this type of research. Bias- The researcher may definite kind of cultural or social bias, which would prevent him from achieving the true potential of the research (Velte and Stawinoga 2017). Time Schedule (Research plan) The various activities of this research are defined below- Main activities/ stages Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week 5 Week 6 Identification of research topic Perform Background search Gather information about Tesco Formulation of research objective Formulation of research questions Performing literature review Identification of research methods Collection of qualitative data Collection of quantitative data Ethical considerations Identifying research limitations Conclusion The cloud computing is one of the most advanced technologies in which the organizations are trying to reap the benefits. The cloud computing has been helping the organizations in achieving their true potential. This paper has financial on both the advantages as well as disadvantages of cloud computing. The example of Netflix is being used to understand the actual benefits or the backlogs of cloud computing. This paper would broaden the understanding of the aspect of cloud computing in a real organizational setting. References Avram, M.G., 2014. Advantages and challenges of adopting cloud computing from an enterprise perspective.Procedia Technology,12, pp.529-534. Best, J.W. and Kahn, J.V., 2016.Research in education. Pearson Education India. Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N., 2017.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications. Gelman, A., Carlin, J.B., Stern, H.S., Dunson, D.B., Vehtari, A. and Rubin, marketing, 2014.Bayesian data analysis(Vol. 2). Boca Raton, FL: CRC press. Hashem, I.A.T., Yaqoob, I., Anuar, N.B., Mokhtar, S., Gani, A. and Khan, S.U., 2015. The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues.Information Systems,47, pp.98-115. Kumar, R., 2014.Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Sage. Netflix., 2017. Is Netflix Down?. [Online] Netflix. Available at: https://help.netflix.com/en/is-netflix-down [Accessed on 16/01/2018] Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,42(5), pp.533-544. Rea, L.M. and Parker, R.A., 2014.Designing and conducting survey research: A comprehensive guide. John Wiley Sons. Rittinghouse, J.W. and Ransome, J.F., 2016.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Sanaei, Z., Abolfazli, S., Gani, A. and Buyya, R., 2014. Heterogeneity in mobile cloud computing: taxonomy and open challenges.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(1), pp.369-392. Shan, G., Bernick, C. and Banks, S., 2017. Sample size determination for a matched?pairs study with incomplete data using exact approach.British Journal Of Mathematical And Statistical Psychology. Velte, P. and Stawinoga, M., 2017. Integrated reporting: the current state of empirical research, limitations and future research implications.Journal of Management Control,28(3), pp.275-320. Wang, L., Ranjan, R., Chen, J. and Benatallah, B. eds., 2017.Cloud computing: methodology, systems, and applications. CRC Press

Summary Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes Essay Example

Summary Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes Essay Johnson, Scholes Whittington – Exploring Strategy, text and cases Chapter 1 – Introducing Strategy Defining strategy Strategy is about the key issues for the future of organizations, or in other words, the long term direction for an organization. The description of strategy in the book has two advantages: 1. It can include deliberate, logical strategy and incremental, emergent patterns of strategy; 2. It can lay the focus on differences and competition as well as on recognizing the roles of cooperation and imitation. The long term: As strategies are often measured over years or even decennia, the importance of strategy is big. This can be easily explained in the ‘Three Horizons Framework’. The Three Horizons Framework is a figure which aims for a company to excist out of three businesses or activities, these are defined by horizons. (figure 1) Horizon 1: Basically the current core activities of a company. Horizon 2: Where companies are creating new possibilities to gain profit. Figure 1. The three horizons framework Horizon 3: Were a company create viable options, where nothing is sure. For example, research and development project and start-up ventures. Cannot predict what is coming. In short it can be said that companies should focus on the long term strategy instead of only on the short term issues. The strategic direction: Strategies follow always a kind of path or pattern. Therefore, strategies are set according to long term objectives. Most of the times, the objectives are set in order to increase maximum profit for the stakeholders. The organization: Organizations involve different, complex relationships with shareholders. These are internal as well as external. * Management is a critical factor in establishing and implementing a strategy. Levels of strategy We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are three levels of strategy 1. Corporate level strategy: Has to do with the overall scope of the company and how value is added to the whole organization. 2. Business level strategy: How a company should compete in its specific market. Also called a competitive strategy. 3. Operational strategies: is about how different units of a company implements the business and corporate strategy with regard to the resources, processes and people. Defintions Strategy statement: is the summary of the strategy, should be short. Also it should consist of parts such as: goals, scope, activities and advantages. Scope: Consists of customers or clients; geographical location; extent of internal activities (vertical integration) Advantage: How the company will achieve the objectives which are set for itself in the chosen domain. Mission: What do we want to be. Vision:How do we want to achieve this. Objectives:What do we have to achieve in the coming period. Branches of strategy: There are three main braches: 1. Strategy context: Internal and external context of organizations. Researches the industry analysis, cultural analysi and the resource-based view. 2. Strategy content: Concerns content of different strategies and their level of success. Researches the choices and performances of different strategies. 3. Strategy process: studies how strategies are formed and implemented. Researches the strategic planning, choices and changes and strategy-as-practice. * Studying strategy involves different kinds of perspectives, such as psychological, social and economic views. The exploring strategy model: This model examines the understanding of the strategic position of a company (the context); assessing the strategic choices for the future (the content) and manages strategy in action (process). The strategic position: Concerned with the impact of strategy of the external environment, the company’s strategic capability, the goals of the company and the companies culture. 1. The environment: is mainly focusing on opportunities and threats which are available in the environment where the company is operating in. 2. Strategic capability: is made up about a companies resources, such as machines. Its competences are for example technical and managerial skills. 3. Strategic purpose: each company has its own mission, vision and objectives. What they are mainly focusing on is what a company wants to achieve in the future. . Culture: Organizational cultures might be important for a company, as it can influence the strategy. Therefore, it is important to know how a culture can shape strategy. The strategic choices: Examines the options in terms of direction (in which the strategy might move) and the methods (which the strategy might persue). 1. Business strategy: also called competitive strategy. How a company seeks to compete against other companies. 2. Corporate strategy diversification: the portfolio scope, or in other words, which businesses should be included in this portfolio. Diversification in mainly about the range of products and markets. 3. International strategy: form of differentiation and in which international markets a company could compete. challenging. 4. Innovation entrepreneurship: in order to survive, a company might want to be innovative at all times. Entrepreneurship, or any form of it, is therefore also a kind of innovation. 5. Acquisition alliances: Mainly about extending a company and in which way this should be implemented. By buying another company, ally or to go it solely. The strategy in action: How a strategy is formed and applied. 1. Strategic evaluation: When strategic options have been set it is important to see if they are relevant. Consequently, several factors should be kept in mind, such as, suitability, acceptability and feasibility. 2. Strategic development process: what kind of planning process should a company have. 3. Organizing: When a strategy is set, organization is fundamental in order to implement it. 4. Leadership and strategic change: Managing involves leadership and change. This is important as we live in a dynamic world. 5. Strategic practice: Who does what in the strategic process. * Issues regarding the exploring strategy model: Small companies Multinational corporations Public sectors and not-for-profits companies The strategy lenses Ways of looking at strategic issues differently in order to generate many insights. * Strategy as design: planning and analyzing * Strategy as experience: Strategy influenced by experience of managers * Strategy as variety:Initiatives, diversity and new options * Strategy as discourse: * The lenses encourages the exploration of different perspectives.